Open AccessISSN:2164-6325(print)
ISSN:2164-6341(online)
Publication Frequency:Monthly
Journal of Renewable Materials (JRM) is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of bio-based materials, sustainable materials, and green chemistry. The scope of the journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry, which are related to the critical renewable and recyclable applications.
Science Citation Index-Expanded (Web of Science); 2021 Impact Factor 2.115; Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences; Scopus Citescore (Impact per Publication 2021): 2.9; SNIP (Source Normalized Impact per Paper 2021): 0.504; JCR in the subject categories Materials Science, Composites (Q3) ; Polymer Science (Q3); and the new subject category Green & Sustainable Science & Technology (Q4); Scopus; Ingenta Connect; Chemical Abstracting Services; Polymer Library: Google Scholar; AGRICOLA; Meta; Baidu Xueshu (China); Portico, etc...
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Open Access
REVIEW
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1533-1554, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023192
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Perovskite Solar Cells)
Abstract
Due to the solution processable nature, the prepared perovskite films are polycrystalline with considerable number of defects. These defects, especially defects at interface accelerate the carrier recombination and reduce the carrier collection. Besides, the surface defects also affect the long-term stability of the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). To solve this problem, surface passivation molecules are introduced at selective interface (the interface between perovskite and carrier selective layer). This review summarizes recent progress of small molecules used in PVSCs. Firstly, different types of defect states in perovskite films are introduced and their effects on device performance are discussed. Subsequently, surface passivation… More >
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REVIEW
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1555-1600, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024772
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: New Insights on Renewable Materials for Energy Related Applications)
Abstract Thermal energy, i.e., the electromagnetic energy in the infrared range that originates from the direct solar radiation, outgoing terrestrial radiation, waste heat from combustion of fuels, heat-emitting electrical devices, decay of
radioactive isotopes, organic putrefaction and fermentation, human body heat, and so on, constitutes a huge
energy flux circulating on the earth surface. However, most energy converters designed for the conversion of electromagnetic energy into electricity, such as photovoltaic cells, are mainly focused on using a narrow part of the
solar energy lying in the visible spectrum, while thermomechanical engines that are fueled by heat in the broad
energy range… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1601-1612, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.023213
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Bio-based Composite/Hybrid Structures and Components)
Abstract This work aims to prepare chitosan (CS)-based coated layers, CS (10 wt% nanosilver/90 wt% CS, 10 wt% biotin/90
wt% CS, and 5 wt% nanosilver–5 wt% biotin)/90 wt% CS coatings are prepared, onto pure Ti substrate. The surface
morphology of the novel CS composite coating was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy,
atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and wettability test. Results show that the
addition of (biotin, nanosilver) 5 Vol.% improves the properties of composite materials. Using different particles’
scale size aid in improving the combinations in the alginate, producing a dual effect on film properties. Coating… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1613-1626, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023605
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Process and Engineering of Lignocellulose Utilization)
Abstract The effect of lignin structural units on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass was investigated, especially the inhibitory role of lignin in non-productive adsorption with enzymes. Milled wood lignin (MWL) was isolated from different hardwoods of poplar, eucalyptus and acacia. The isolated lignin samples were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, nitrobenzene oxidation and fourier infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism of lignin structural units on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was studied by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The results showed that different structural units of lignin had different adsorption capacity for enzymes. The results of nitrobenzene oxidation indicated that the S/G ratio… More >
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Open Access
EDITORIAL
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1627-1629, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027379
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Bio-based Halogen-free Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials)
Abstract This article has no abstract. More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1631-1642, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025844
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in Application of Biomass-Based Materials in Food Industry)
Abstract Longan originates from southern China and has high nutritional and health value. Recent phytochemistry and
pharmacology studies have shown that polysaccharides are a main bioactive component of longan. Longan polysaccharides possess antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, and other bioactivities. Hot-water
extraction, ethanol precipitation, and ultrasonic extraction are generally used to extract water-soluble longan
polysaccharides. However, the relationship between the structure and bioactivity of longan polysaccharides
remains unclear, requiring further investigation. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current literature focusing on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activity of longan polysaccharides.
We believe that this review would provide… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1643-1660, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024429
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: New Trends in Renewable and Sustainable Materials for Carbon Neutrality)
Abstract For optimization of production processes and product quality, often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is compulsory. Thus, process analytical technology (PAT) that allows deeper insight into the process
and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and quality. The present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process, the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to
produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor set-up. To this
end, a… More >
Open Access
REVIEW
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1661-1686, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.023669
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry)
Abstract Tung oil (TO)/ultraviolet (UV) photo-composite curing material possesses the characteristics of low curing temperature, low material shrinkage and low environmental pollution. Accordingly, this material must be developed and utilized with the conjugated double bonds contained in the long chain of the main structure (α-tung acid) molecules in the refined TO. The aforementioned material can be chemically modified using a variety of chemical methods to develop a new TO-based UV photocurable material due to its unique chemical properties. This work reviews the research progress of TO/UV photo-composite curing materials in recent years. Firstly, the chemical structure and application of TO and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1687-1697, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023795
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Recycled Concrete Towards a Sustainable Society)
Abstract Microcapsule self-healing technology is one of the effective methods to solve the durability problem of cement-based composites. The evaluation method of the self-healing efficiency of microcapsule self-healing cement-based composites is one of the difficulties that limits the self-healing technology. This paper attempts to characterize the self-healing efficiency of microcapsule self-healing cement-based composites by acoustic emission (AE) parameters, which provides a reference for the evaluation of microcapsule self-healing technology. Firstly, a kind of self-healing microcapsules were prepared, and the microcapsules were added into the cement-based composites to prepare the compression samples. Then, the specimen with certain pre damage was obtained by… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1699-1814, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023805
Abstract Fiber-reinforced soils have been of great interest to experimenters for building foundations’strength performance,
time, and economy. This paper investigates the effects of water content and polypropylene fiber dosage and length
on loess’s unconfined compressive strength (UCS) according to the central composite response surface design test
procedure. The water content is 11%–25%, the mass ratio of fiber to soil is 0.1%–0.9%, and the fiber length ranges
from 6–18 mm. The response surface method (RSM) developed full quadratic models of different variables with
response values. After analysis of variance (ANOVA), the mathematical model developed in this study was statistically significant (p ≤… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1715-1729, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.024023
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Computational Tools for Renewable Materials)
Abstract The interface properties of Fe(101)/zinc silicate modified by organo-siloxane (KH-570) was studied by using the method of molecular dynamics simulation. By calculating the temperature and energy fluctuation of equilibrium state, equilibrium concentration distribution, MSD of layer and different groups, and interaction energy of two interface models, the influencing mechanism on the interface properties of adding organosiloxane into coating system was studied at the atomic scale. It shows that the temperature and energy of interface oscillated in a small range and it was exited in a state of dynamic equilibrium within the initial simulation stage (t < 20 ps). It can… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1731-1743, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.024160
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry)
Abstract The application of phthalate plasticizers has been restricted around the world due to their poor migration and potential harm to the human body. Hence, producing functional bio-based plasticizers via exploiting clean and reusable resources meets the satisfaction of current demands. In this study, flame-retardant rubber seed oil-based plasticize (FRP) was prepared via epoxidation reaction and ring opening addition reactions, which was used as a flame-resistant plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride to replace petroleum-based phthalate plasticizer. When DOP was replaced with FRP, the torque of PVC blends increased from 11.4 to 18.4 N⋅m, the LOI value increased from 24.3% for PVC-FRP-0% to 33.1%… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1745-1762, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.024380
Abstract In this paper, the effects of different influencing factors and factor interaction on the compressive strength and
permeability of recycled aggregate pervious concrete (RAPC) were studied based on the response surface method
(RSM). By selecting the maximum aggregate size, water cement ratio and target porosity as design variables,
combined with laboratory tests and numerical analysis, the influences of three factors on the compressive strength
and permeability coefficient of RAPC were revealed. The regression equation of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of recycled aggregate pervious concrete were established based on RSM, and the response surface model was optimized to determine the… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1763-1791, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024319
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Natural Fibre Composites: Design, Materials Selection and Fabrication)
Abstract The development of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) provides a new approach to limiting the waste of natural resources. In the present study, the mechanical properties and deformability of RACs were improved by adding basalt fibers (BFs) and using external restraints, such as a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jacket or a PVC pipe. Samples were tested under axial compression. The results showed that RAC (50% replacement of aggregate) containing 0.2% BFs had the best mechanical properties. Using either BFs or PVC reinforcement had a slight effect on the loadbearing capacity and mode of failure. With different levels of BFs, the compressive strengths… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1793-1805, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024521
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Lignocellulosic Bionanomaterials)
Abstract Due to the low content of adsorption-active groups in lignin, its application in the field of adsorption is limited.
Herein, we first prepared cationic kraft lignin acrylate, from which a cationic lignin (CKLA) hydrogel was further
prepared by cationic kraft lignin acrylate, acrylamide, and N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide. The morphology, compression properties and swelling properties of CKLA hydrogels were investigated. The prepared CKLA hydrogel
was applied as an adsorbent for Congo red. The effect of CKLA hydrogel dosages, initial concentration of Congo
red, and pH on adsorption efficiency was investigated. The maximum Congo red removal efficiency was obtained
at the initial concentration… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1807-1821, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.023721
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: New Insights on Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Agricultural Applications)
Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) have already been widely used in catalysis, antibacterial and coating fields. Compared with
the traditional toxic and harmful reducing reagents, green synthesis of NPs by using plant extracts is not only
environmental-friendly and cost-effective but also conducive to the multi-level and efficient utilization of wild
plant resources. In this study, the aqueous extracts from Sorbus pohuashanensis (SP) and Aronia melanocarpa
(AM) fruits were used as the reducing and protective reagents for synthesizing Au/AgNPs, with the characteristics
of originality operation and high repeatability. The SP/AM fruit extracts functionalized Au/AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM),… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1823-1833, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025026
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable and Green Materials for Supercapacitors)
Abstract An rGO−like carbon compound has been synthesized from biomass, i.e., old coconut shell, by a carbonization
process followed by heating at 400°C for 5 h. The nitrogen doping was achieved by adding the urea (CH4N2O)
and stirring at 70°C for 14 h. The morphology and structure of the rGO-like carbon were investigated by electron
microscopies and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of C-N functional groups was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, while the particle and the specific capacitance
were measured by particle sizer and cyclic voltammetry. The highest specific capacitance of 72.78 F/g is achieved
by… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1835-1852, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024887
Abstract Recycling solid waste in cement-based materials cannot only ease its load on the natural environment but also reduce the carbon emissions of building materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of recycled glass powder (RGP) on the early-age mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of cement pastes, where cement is replaced by 10%, 20% and 30% of RGP. In addition, the microstructure and nano-mechanical properties of cement paste with different RGP content and water to binder (W/B) ratio were also evaluated using SEM, MIP and nanoindentation techniques. The results indicate that the early-age autogenous shrinkage decreases with the increase of… More >
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Open Access
REVIEW
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1853-1879, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024981
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
Abstract Using recycled aggregate (RA) and slag instead of natural aggregate (NA) and cement can reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and achieve effective waste recovery. In recent years, RA has been widely used to replace NA in concrete. Every year, several researchers conduct investigations on the mechanical performance and durability of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Due to the loose and porous material properties of RA, the mechanical properties and durability of RAC, such as strength, carbonation resistance, permeability resistance and chloride ion penetration resistance, are greatly reduced compared with natural aggregate concrete. In contrast, concrete containing slag instead of NA and… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1881-1894, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025400
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Polylactide Based Biopolymeric Systems)
Abstract A poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide)(PLLA-PEG-PLLA) block copolymer has great potential for use as a flexible bioplastic. Highly flexible bioplastics are required for flexible packaging applications. In
this work, a PEG was incorporated into block copolymer as a plasticizer by solvent casting. PLLA-PEG-PLLA/
PEG blends with different blend ratios were prepared, and the plasticizing effect and miscibility of PEG in block
copolymer were intensively investigated compared to PLLA/PEG blends. The results indicated that the PEG was
an effective plasticizer for the block copolymer. The blending of PEG decreased glass-transition temperature and
accelerated the crystallization of both the PLLA and PLLA-PEG-PLLA matrices. The PEG… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1895-1910, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025059
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
Abstract In this paper, the effects of different mineral admixtures and sulfate solution types on the appearance, mass
change rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and corrosion resistance coefficient of concrete were systematically
studied. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),
and X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) were used to explore and analyze the changes in the microstructure
and the corrosion products of concrete in the sulfate solution. The results show that the existence of magnesium
ions accelerates concrete deterioration. There is a critical dosage of fly ash for magnesium sulfate resistance of
concrete. The magnesium sulfate resistance of… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1911-1935, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025100
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Sustainable Concrete with Recyclable Materials)
Abstract This study examined the effects of using bagasse ash in replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the
treatment of expansive soils. The study concentrated on the compaction characteristics, volume change, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, microstructure, California bearing ratio (CBR) value, and shear wave velocity of expansive soils treated with cement. Different bagasse ash replacement ratios were used to create soil
samples. At varying curing times of 7, 14, and 28 days, standard compaction tests, unconfined compressive
strength tests, CBR tests, Brazilian split tensile testing, and bender element (BE) tests were carried out. According
to X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations,… More >
Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1937-1950, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025126
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Renewable Biomass as a Platform for Preparing Green Chemistry)
Abstract Ethyl cellulose (EC), an important biomass-based material, has excellent film-forming properties. Nevertheless, the high interchain hydrogen bond interaction leads to a high glass transition temperature of EC, which makes it too brittle to be used widely. The hydroxyl group on EC can form a supramolecular system in the form of a non-covalent bond with an effective plasticizer. In this study, an important vegetable-oil-based derivative named dimer fatty acid was used to prepare a novel special plasticizer for EC. Dimer-fatty-acid-based thioether polyol (DATP) was synthesized and used to modify ethyl cellulose films. The supramolecular composite films of DATP and ethyl cellulose… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1951-1961, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025271
Abstract High purity ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) is the most vital chemical to produce V2O5, VO2, VN alloy, VFe alloy and VOSO4, which have some prospective applications for high strength steel, smart window, infrared detector and imaging, large scale energy storage system. NH4VO3 is usually produced by spontaneous crystallization from the aqueous solution due to its sharp dependence of solubility on the temperature. However, hazardous chemicals in industrial effluent, include phosphorate, silicate and arsenate, causing severe damage to the environment. In this work, these impurities are selectively precipitated onto inorganic flocculants, while the vanadate dissolved in an aqueous solution keeps almost undisturbed.… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1963-1976, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026060
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advances in Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites: Design, Manufacturing, Properties and Applications)
Abstract Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) starch is considered an important renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly polymer, which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues, with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials. This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A.
pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process. Palm starch, glycerol, and stearic acid were extruded in a
twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were
damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process. The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL, lower than that of palm
starch, and the addition of… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1977-1989, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.023849
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Restorative and Regenerative Materials in Biomedical Applications)
Abstract Magnesium alloy has been considered as one of the third-generation biomaterials for the regeneration and support of functional bone tissue. As a regeneration implant material with great potential applications, in-situ Mg2Si phase reinforced Mg-6Zn cast alloy was comprehensively studied and expected to possess excellent mechanical properties via the refining and modifying of Mg2Si reinforcements. The present study demonstrates that the primary and eutectic Mg2Si phase can be greatly modified by the yttrium (Y) addition. The size of the primary Mg2Si phases can be reduced to ~20 μm with an addition of 0.5 wt.% Y. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1991-2014, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023659
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Green, Recycled and Intelligent Technologies in Printing and Packaging)
Abstract High precision control of substrate tension is the premise and guarantee for producing high-quality products in roll-to-roll precision coating machine. However, the complex relationships in tension system make the problems of decoupling control difficult to be solved, which has limited the improvement of tension control accuracy for the coating machine. Therefore, an ADRC parameters self-tuning decoupling strategy based on RBF neural network is proposed to improve the control accuracy of tension system in this paper. Firstly, a global coupling nonlinear model of the tension system is established according to the composition of the coating machine, and the global coupling model… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 2015-2031, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026063
Abstract The additives present in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials are the major source of organic by-products during PVC degradation. The thermal stabilizer and plasticizer are the main additives that endow PVC with the required properties during its processing. However, these two additives easily migrate when samples are obtained by physical mixing of the additives with PVC. This causes the reduction of PVC sample efficacy and the increase in the formation of organic by-products in the radiolysis process. In this work, two kinds of grafted PVC samples (tung-oil derivative grafted PVC and Atz grafted PVC, abbreviated as P-GT4 and P-AZ3) were synthesized… More >
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Open Access
ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 2033-2054, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023651
（This article belongs to this Special Issue: Advanced Wood Composites from Renewable Materials)
Abstract Considering the glulam beam-column connection form and the number of bolts, monotonic loading test and
finite element analysis was carried out on 9 connection specimens in 3 groups to study the rotational performance
and failure mode of the connection. The test results revealed that compared with U-shaped connectors, T-shaped
connectors can effectively improve the ductility of connections, and the increase in the number of bolts can
reduce the initial stiffness and ductility of connections. By theoretical analysis, formulas for calculating the initial
stiffness and ultimate moment of connections were deduced. Subsequently, the moment-rotation theoretical model of connections was established based… More >
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ARTICLE
Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 2055-2073, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023612
Abstract In order to examine the biaxial compression-compression properties of rubber fibre reinforced concrete (RFRC), an experimental study on RFRC under different lateral compressive stresses was carried out by considering different rubber replacement rates and polypropylene fibre contents. The failure modes and mechanical property parameters of different RFRC working conditions were obtained from the experiment to explore the effects of rubber replacement rate and polypropylene fibre content on the biaxial compression-compression properties of RFRC. The following conclusions were drawn. Under the influence of lateral compressive stress, the biaxial compression-compression failure mode gradually developed from a columnar pattern to a flaky pattern,… More >
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